JEL分类号
L Industrial Organization
- 总体
- L00 General
- L1 Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
- L1 Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
- L10 General
- L11 Production, Pricing, and Market Structure • Size Distribution of Firms
- L12 Monopoly • Monopolization Strategies
- L13 Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
- L14 Transactional Relationships • Contracts and Reputation • Networks
- L15 Information and Product Quality • Standardization and Compatibility
- L16 Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change • Industrial Price Indices
- L17 Open Source Products and Markets
- L19 Other
- L2 Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
- L2 Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
- L20 General
- L21 Business Objectives of the Firm
- L22 Firm Organization and Market Structure
- L23 Organization of Production
- L24 Contracting Out • Joint Ventures • Technology Licensing
- L25 Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope
- L26 Entrepreneurship
- L29 Other
- L3 Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise
- L3 Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise
- L30 General
- L31 Nonprofit Institutions • NGOs • Social Entrepreneurship
- L32 Public Enterprises • Public-Private Enterprises
- L33 Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions • Privatization • Contracting Out
- L38 Public Policy
- L39 Other
- L4 Antitrust Issues and Policies
- L4 Antitrust Issues and Policies
- L40 General
- L41 Monopolization • Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
- L42 Vertical Restraints • Resale Price Maintenance • Quantity Discounts
- L43 Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
- L44 Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprises, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations
- L49 Other
- L5 Regulation and Industrial Policy
- L5 Regulation and Industrial Policy
- L50 General
- L51 Economics of Regulation
- L52 Industrial Policy • Sectoral Planning Methods
- L53 Enterprise Policy
- L59 Other
- L6 Industry Studies: Manufacturing
- L6 Industry Studies: Manufacturing
- L60 General
- L61 Metals and Metal Products • Cement • Glass • Ceramics
- L62 Automobiles • Other Transportation Equipment • Related Parts and Equipment
- L63 Microelectronics • Computers • Communications Equipment
- L64 Other Machinery • Business Equipment • Armaments
- L65 Chemicals • Rubber • Drugs • Biotechnology • Plastics
- L66 Food • Beverages • Cosmetics • Tobacco • Wine and Spirits
- L67 Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather Goods; Household Goods; Sports Equipment
- L68 Appliances • Furniture • Other Consumer Durables
- L69 Other
- L7 Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction
- L7 Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction
- L70 General
- L71 Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
- L72 Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
- L73 Forest Products
- L74 Construction
- L78 Government Policy
- L79 Other
- L8 Industry Studies: Services
- L8 Industry Studies: Services
- L80 General
- L81 Retail and Wholesale Trade • e-Commerce
- L82 Entertainment • Media
- L83 Sports • Gambling • Restaurants • Recreation • Tourism
- L84 Personal, Professional, and Business Services
- L85 Real Estate Services
- L86 Information and Internet Services • Computer Software
- L87 Postal and Delivery Services
- L88 Government Policy
- L89 Other
- L9 Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities
- L9 Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities
- L90 General
- L91 Transportation: General
- L92 Railroads and Other Surface Transportation
- L93 Air Transportation
- L94 Electric Utilities
- L95 Gas Utilities • Pipelines • Water Utilities
- L96 Telecommunications
- L97 Utilities: General
- L98 Government Policy
- L99 Other
